Setting multipliers on a zone to zone basis

The permeability of a fault (and therefore cross-fault flow) is controlled by tectonic smearing and mixing of clay from the slipped reservoir stratigraphy. This geological variable is captured from the model grids, which is input to the Fault Seal Modeling workflow (i.e., the preferred workflow to determine fault transmissibility).

With the Zone to Zone TM form (model > Fault Seal > Zone to Zone Transmissibility Multipliers > Zone to Zone TM) you can specify unconstrained fault transmissibility multipliers directly for the (stratigraphic) zones in your 3D grid. Large-displacement faults can result in juxtaposition of stratigraphic zones with contrasting lithology and, as a result, impact the fault transmissibility between the two zones.

The fault transmissibility multipliers you specify with the Zone to Zone TM form are represented by the variable 'Z2ZTM' in the final transmissibility calculation (see the formula in The Zone to Zone Transmissibility Multipliers workflow). The calculation takes place in the simulation workflows (IMEX, GEM, STARS, ECLIPSE and tNavigator) of the simulate strip. Each Z2ZTM that has not been set by you will receive a default value of 1 (fully conductive).

Before you can specify Z2ZTMs you have to select a zone property. The zone property defines the zonation and as such the zone connections in the zone matrix on the form. Although you can select any property of type 'Zone' that exists in your 3D grid (the matrix will show all zone connections based on that property), in most cases you will want to set fault transmissibility multipliers for the zones as defined in your stratigraphic model because that zonation reflects the lithological characteristics in your reservoir (in this case select property 'Geometry\ZoneId_level', which represents the zonation as defined in your stratigraphic model). Under normal circumstances your fault transmissibility multiplier values should range between 0 (sealing fault) and 1 (fully conductive fault).

If you do not want to specify Z2ZTMs, you can skip this step.

To set zone to zone fault transmissibility multipliers

  1. Open the Zone to Zone TM form and select the Z2Z Multiplier Model of interest from the Model drop-down list.
  2. Under Zone property, select the ZoneId that best represents the level of detail (coarse or fine) you need for specifying the zone connections. The ZoneIds available for selection are the ZoneIds of the stratigraphic model associated with your 3D grid.
  3. All fault sets in the selected Z2Z Multiplier Model are listed in the Fault Sets table on the form. Click on a fault set to visualize the zone matrix on the right side of the form. Each zone to zone connection is represented by one cell in the matrix, with a default Z2ZTM of 1.
  4. To change Z2ZTMs, edit the values in the cells of the matrix. Values you enter should normally range between 0 (sealing fault) and 1 (fully conductive fault).
    5. You can change the nr. of decimals of the values in the table by right-clicking on a column header, selecting Format and then selecting your preferred nr. of decimals (e.g., 0.00). On the Display Units form, the quantity 'unitless' will be updated accordingly. Note that the change will affect all unitless quantities throughout the application.
  5. When you finished entering the fault transmissibility multipliers on a zone to zone basis, click OK to move to the next workflow step TM per Fault to specify fault-specific transmissibility multipliers (FTM). In case you want your model to contain only zone to zone transmissibility multipliers (not fault-specific multipliers), you can click Apply, then Cancel to close the form.